Friday, February 15, 2008

INVENTION CORNER-Computed Tomography Imaging (CT Scan, CAT Scan)

Original "Siretom" dedicated head CT scanner, circa 1974
CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories, England and by South Africa-born physicist Allan Cormack of Tufts University, Massachusetts. Hounsfield and Cormack were later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their contributions to medicine and science.
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INVENTION CORNER-Flash Light (Tourch)


An 1899 Eveready flashlight, one of the earliest flashlight models. In 1896, Joshua Lionel Cowen invented a decorative lighting fixture for potted plants which consisted of a metal tube housing a light bulb and a dry cell battery. It failed commercially, and so Cowen sold his company and patents to Conrad Hubert that same year and turned his attention to building and selling model trains. Hubert renamed Cowen's company the American Electrical Novelty & Manufacturing Company and, recognizing the true potential of Cowen's invention, hired David Misell to produce a tubular flashlight for portable use. They donated some models to the New York City police, who responded favorably to it. These early flashlights ran on zinc-carbon batteries, which were poor at providing sustained currents; they would run down after a while and needed to rest before being useable again. Since these early flashlights also used energy-inefficient carbon filament bulbs, this happened rather quickly, and consequently they could only be used in brief flashes (hence their name).

INVENTION CORNER-Air Conditioner

One year after earning a master's degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University in 1901, Willis Haviland Carrier developed and patented the world's first modern air conditioner. Carrier's invention not only provided comfort at home, but also allowed for the controlled conditions necessary in many environments: industrial and scientific.

Inventor: Willis Haviland Carrier
Criteria; First to patent. Modern prototype. Entrepreneur.
Birth: November 26, 1876 in Angola, New York.
Death: October 9, 1950
Nationality: American
Invention: Air Conditioner
Patent: 808,897 (US) issued January 2, 1906
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INVENTION CORNER-Candy bar

In 1847, Joseph Fry discovered a way to mix some melted cacao butter back into defatted, or "Dutched," cocoa powder (along with sugar) to create a paste that could be pressed into a mold. The resulting bar was such a hit that people soon began to think of eating chocolate as much as drinking it. Many people credit this as the very first chocolate bar for eating.

Invention: candy bar in 1847

Definition: A confection made with sugar and often flavoring and filling with a shape that is longer than it is wide. Candy bars made with milk chocolate are the most popular

Patent: Various candy making machines have been patented

Inventor: Joseph Fry

Criteria: First to invent. Entrepreneur.

Birth: 1795

Death: 1879

Nationality: British

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INVENTION CORNER-Jigsaw Puzzle

"For the purpose of teaching geography," John Spilsbury, a teacher in England, created the first jigsaw puzzle in the year 1767. Adhering his maps to flat hardwood, he used a fine saw to cut along the borders of the European countries, and the jigsaw puzzle was born. Hand-painted and made of wood, the puzzle was a map of England and Wales, with each county making up a separate piece. Soon, people began making pictorial jigsaw puzzles. Their purpose was to entertain rather than to teach. The pieces in these early puzzles were not interlocking. Not until the invention of power tools more than a century later did jigsaw puzzles with fully interlocking pieces come into being.

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Thursday, February 14, 2008

INVENTION CORNER-Potato Chips

In the summer of 1853, Native American George Crum was employed as a chef at an elegant resort in Saratoga Springs, New York. One dinner guest found Crum's French fries too thick for his liking and rejected the order. Crum decided to rile the guest by producing fries too thin and crisp to skewer with a fork. The plan backfired. The guest was ecstatic over the browned, paper-thin potatoes, and other diners began requesting Crum's potato chips.

Invention: Potato Chips in 1853

Definition: noun / po·ta·to chips

Function: Snack food made of a thin slice of white potato that has been cooked until crisp and then usually salted. Also known as Saratoga Chips or potato crisps.

Patent: Never patented.

Inventor: George Crum (a.k.a. George Speck*)

Criteria: First to invent.

Birth: 1822 Saratoga Lake, New York

Death: 1914 Saratoga Lake, New York

Nationality: Narive American

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INVENTION CORNER-SAFETY PIN

One day in 1849 Walter Hunt wanted to pay a fifteen-dollar debt to a friend. So he decided to invent something new. From a piece of brass wire about eight inches long, coiled at the center and shielded at one end, he made the first safety pin. He took out a patent on his invention, sold the rights to it for four hundred dollars, paid his friend back and had three hundred eighty-five dollars to spare. Then he watched his latest brainstorm go on to become a million dollar money earner for someone else.

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INVENTION CORNER-Traffic Light

Police Officer William L. Potts of Detroit, Michigan, decided to do something about the problem caused by the ever increasing number of automobiles on the streets. What he had in mind was figuring out a way to adapt railroad signals for street use. Potts used red, amber, and green railroad lights and about thirty-seven dollars worth of wire and electrical controls to make the world’s first 4-way three color traffic light. It was installed in 1920 on the corner of Woodward and Michigan Avenues in Detroit. Within a year, Detroit had installed a total of fifteen of the new automatic lights.
Invention: Traffic Light

Function: noun / trsffic signal / stoplight

Definition: A road signal for directing vehicular traffic by means of colored lights, typically red for stop, green for go, and yellow for proceed with caution.

Patent: As a government emplyee Potts could not patent his invention.

Inventor: William L. Potts

Criteria: First practical. Modern prototype.

Birth: Unknown

Death: Unknown

Nationality: Unknown

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Wednesday, February 13, 2008

INVENTION CORNER-Zipper

The design used today, based on interlocking teeth, was invented by an employee of Whitcomb Judson's, Swedish born scientist Gideon Sundback. In 1913 and patented as the "Hookless Fastener" and after more improvements patented in 1917 as the "Separable Fastener". Only after Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson's fastener into a more streamlined and reliable form, was the fastener a success.

Invention: zipper in 1913
Function: noun / zip-per / Originally a trademark.
Definition: A fastening device consisting of parallel rows of metal, plastic, or nylon teeth on adjacent edges of an opening that are interlocked by a sliding tab.
Patent: 1,060,378 (US) issued April 29,1913
Inventor: Gideon Sundback
Criteria; First to patent. Modern prototype. .
Birth: 1880
Death: June 21, 1954
Nationality: Swedish

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INVENTION CORNER-Graham cracker

Graham bread was invented by Sylvester Graham in 1829, for his vegetarian diet. The Graham bread was high in fiber, made with non-sifted whole wheat flour and was made into little squares we now know as graham crackers.
Invention: graham cracker in 1829
Function: noun / graham flour bread
Definition: A slightly sweet cracker made of whole wheat flour named after inventor Sylvester Graham Inventor: Sylvester Graham
Criteria: First to invent. First practical. Entrepreneur.
Birth: July 5, 1794, in West Suffield, Connecticut
Death: September 11, 1851, in Northampton, Massachusetts
Nationality: American

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